If you have ever done a handstand or hung upside-down, you know the feeling of the blood rushing to your head. This is not a big deal for people, but it should be a problem for giraffes. Think about it. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world (up to 20 feet) and has a neck about 7 feet long. Your heart pumps blood up about a foot. A giraffe’s heart has to pump blood up 7 feet! A normal person’s blood pressure is 120/80. A giraffe’s normal blood pressure is around 240/180, which is the highest of all animals (Jakhariya). If our blood pressure gets up to just 180, it is called a hypertensive emergency and must be lowered immediately or it can result in permanent organ damage and death. The question is, with such high blood pressure normally, why doesn’t a giraffe damage its brain or kill itself when it bends down? The answer is found in a number of uniquely designed parts.
1. An Enlarged Heart. To get the blood to its head in the first place, the giraffe needs a large and powerful heart. Your heart is about the size of your fist. A giraffe’s heart is about 2 feet long and can weigh over 25 pounds (Prothero). Its heart is also very powerful. “For blood to reach the head, the heart must beat strongly enough to overcome the significant downward pressure caused by gravity” (Bourton). Its heart also pumps 16 gallons of blood per minute. The giraffe certainly has the right heart for the job.
2. Valves. When a giraffe bends down, there are two problems. (1) The increased blood pressure coming from the heart caused by gravity, and (2) the blood that has already passed through the brain and is now being pulled back by gravity. To correct the issues caused by gravity, the giraffe has special valves in the main veins of the neck (jugular veins) which automatically close when the giraffe bends down and open when it lifts back up. This significantly reduces the pressure in its head when it bends down. This really only corrects the gravity issue though. The next two features help with the rest of the blood rushing to the brain.
3. Blood Vessels. The walls of these main vessels are extra thick and continue to grow thicker as the giraffe’s neck grows and the blood pressure increases (Bourton). The thick walls keep the vessels from rupturing under all the pressure. Besides this, the giraffe’s blood vessels have elastic qualities. So, the giraffe’s vessels will expand and contract to change the volume of blood flowing to the brain when it bends down. Doing so decreases the pressure in the brain.
4. The Sponge. At the base of the giraffe’s brain is a complex maze of small blood vessels (called the rete mirabile). When the giraffe bends down, the rete mirabile acts like a sponge by expanding these blood vessels and collects the extra blood traveling to the head (Jakhariya). This process lowers the blood pressure and, again, controls the amount of blood entering the brain. Amazingly, when the giraffe brings its head back up, the rete mirabile pushes out the blood it was holding into the giraffe’s brain so it doesn’t get light headed or pass out on the way back up.
It takes all of these features just for a giraffe to bend down to get a drink of water and raise back up! This puts evolution in a difficult position. If the giraffe did not have a strong enough heart, it could not get blood to its brain and would not survive. If the valves in the blood vessels did not contract and close off, too much blood would rush to the giraffe’s brain and it would not survive. If the giraffe did not have the sponge like maze of blood vessels (rate mirabile) and did not have special vessels that could expand and contract to control blood pressure, the giraffe’s brain would be damaged and it would not survive. So, which evolved first? Every one of these parts has to work together flawlessly in order for the giraffe to survive. Every one of these parts is essential for it simply to get a drink of water. Taking any one of these qualities out would drive giraffes to extinction.
Giraffes are proof of intelligent design and of a God who has the knowledge and power to make every single part work flawlessly. David was right when he said that all of our creation declares God’s glory (Psalm 19:1-6). Certainly the giraffe is one of the many parts of creation announcing God as Creator and Lord!
Sources:
- Bourton, Jody. “Supercharged Heart Pumps Blood Up A Giraffe’s Neck.” < http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8368000/8368915.stm>
- Jakhariya. “The Amazing Giraffe” <http://www.komindia.com/komkids/the-amazing-giraffe>
- Prothero, D. R.; Schoch, R. M. (2003). Horns, Tusks, and Flippers: The Evolution of Hoofed Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 67–72
- Sharp, Douglas B. “The Revolution Against Evolution.” <http://www.rae.org/revev5.html>
- http://terranaturals.com/giraffe-facts-a-23.html
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraffe
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I do believe in God one God creator of the Universe. I also believe that however the Universe got here, 6 days or 60 trillion years God did it all from nothing. Genesis 1:1 In the Beginning God…
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Evolution can explain this just fine. These features evolved simultaneously over time. I feel like the author does not understand evolution very well at all.
Josh, thanks for commenting. I appreciate you reading and taking the time to voice your thoughts.
The problem is this. 1) If the giraffe evolved these features slowly over time, then where is the observable, documented proof? These changes are not observable today. We don’t see any animals in obvious transitional states from one species into another. We should be seeing giraffes (as well as many other animals) in very obvious states of transitions that are alive today. There should be giraffes, and also not quiet fully formed giraffes who are simply in the process of, as you said, “evolving these features simultaneously over time.” It should be blatantly obvious, but it’s not. All we see are fully formed, fully functioning animals, that only reproduce after their own kind.
2) The proof is not in the fossil records either. I’d urge you to look into this with an open mind. The “transitional fossil” finds are often based on really bad and dishonest findings. Far too many times these findings have been debunked. Unfortunately, when they are finally debunked, publications never put out corrections (which is very deceitful). So, what hard proof is there in the fossil records that the giraffe evolved at all? Again, we should be seeing at least some obviously transitional fossils. We don’t.
3) I don’t think we really understand what an unbelievably difficult process it is just for a cell to form, much less for many cells to completely change their genetic code, and work perfectly together, and transition it’s entire code into another species, and to form some very specific and unique abilities and features (like in the giraffe). Actually, the probability of something like this happening falls well beyond what science calls a “scientific impossibility.” So, I understand evolution just fine. I understand it is said to have happened over billions of years of time. And yet simply stating “these features evolved simultaneously over time” is a gross oversimplification for what an enormous process this would be on the genetic level. And so even the giraffe managed to change it’s genetic code to form one or even a few of it’s features, if it missed even one, it probably dies. Even billions of years of time can’t properly explain this (especially without clear evidence).
Evolution is not observable today. It’s not repeatable in a lab. It’s not backed up with fossil evidence. In any other scientific study, this would be known as garbage. Why not with evolution?
I hope you will take my comments in the kind and civil was I was trying to say them. I was aiming for a polite conversation. I hope you heard me in that way.
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